Selection of dairy machinery

Dairy products refer to products that use cow milk or goat milk and their processed products as the main raw materials, with or without adding appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals and other auxiliary materials, and using the conditions required by laws, regulations and standards. Dairy products include liquid milk (pasteurized milk, UHT milk, fermented milk); milk powder (whole milk powder, skimmed milk powder, partially skimmed milk powder, modified milk powder, colostrum powder); others Dairy products etc.

Machine Selection guide

1. Reasonably choose the delivery pump

Properly match the delivery pump according to the delivery function, pay attention to energy saving, and save operating costs. Taking pasteurized milk as an example, according to the characteristics of short transportation distance and small height, a pump with a slightly smaller flow rate and lift is selected to save energy.

2. Scientifically select milk storage equipment

During storage, the temperature of fresh milk should rise less than 2°C within 24 hours to ensure that the fat in the fresh milk does not float and separate. The milk storage equipment selected must meet this requirement. At present, in some milk storage equipment, due to the small thickness of the insulation layer or the selection of insulation materials that do not meet the requirements, the milk produces a large amount of foam, resulting in uneven fat. In addition, large tanks are required not only to have a liquid level indicating device, but also to be equipped with a cleaning nozzle, otherwise the milk storage capacity will be affected and the milk storage equipment requirements will not be met.

During dairy processing, it is sometimes necessary to cool the emulsion to a low temperature that is difficult to reach when cooling with ordinary water. The general method is to use refrigerants such as ice water, brine, alcohol, etc., but this requires a complete set of ammonia refrigeration equipment and intermediate devices. Since ammonia has a pungent smell, a slight leakage will be detrimental to dairy processing. Generally, the ammonia refrigerator and brine tank evaporator are installed in one direction or an ammonia refrigeration station is set up, and then the refrigerant is transported to the milk storage equipment through pipelines. The system is easy to control, but requires a large investment and high maintenance costs, so it is suitable for large factories. For some dairy plants with small cooling capacity, it is more economical and convenient to use direct cooling tanks. The direct cooling tank is a device in which the refrigerant directly enters the honeycomb jacket of the tank, expands, absorbs heat and evaporates to cool the liquid in the tank.

3. Homogenizer

The homogenizer is mainly used for the homogenization of raw milk, which can break the fat globules, which can not only improve and enhance the quality of dairy products, but also extend the shelf life of dairy products. Emulsification equipment is constantly updated. Common emulsification equipment includes high-pressure homogenizer, centrifugal homogenizer, etc., which need to be selected according to the scale of the enterprise. In recent years, low energy consumption for homogenization and high equipment integrity have become the development trend of emulsification equipment. A new type of Emulsification equipment - the hydraulic emulsifier came into being. Its characteristics are that it does not require regular adjustment of the gap, and the liquid containing hard particles has little impact on the equipment. Therefore, it is particularly popular in the dairy industry such as stirred yogurt and margarine.

4. Milk separation equipment

The key quality indicators of milk separation equipment, such as milk purification effect, dynamic balance and appearance, have reached the international advanced level. Some domestic separators have poor fat separation capabilities. The fat content of skim milk generally exceeds 0.05%. When used in the production of skim milk powder and casein It is easy to cause the fat to be higher than the standard and lower the grade. At present, the specifications of domestic milk separators are not complete, and the commonly used specifications are 5000L/h, especially the ultra-large specifications, such as 10000L/h and above, are lacking. When the processing capacity of a dairy enterprise is above 100t/d and there is no foreign exchange for imported equipment, multiple domestic 5000L/h equipment can be used in parallel to solve the problem.

5. Evaporator

Double-effect Evaporator is currently the main concentration equipment of large and medium-sized dairy enterprises in my country. After using it, it was found that some falling film concentration equipment showed many problems and the design needs to be improved.

① Selection of heat pump in Evaporator

The heat pump uses the adiabatic compression of the compressor or the steam jet pump to compress the secondary vapor and then uses it to heat the evaporator, which can reduce the consumption of raw steam and reduce operating costs, so it is best to have a heat pump. Heat pumps are divided into two categories according to their structures: mechanical compression heat pumps and steam injection heat pumps. Mechanical compression heat pumps are centrifugal or positive displacement compressors with large compression temperature differences, generally no more than three effects, complex structure, high cost, high maintenance costs, high power consumption, and few applications.

②Tail steam condensation and vacuuming device

Many of the multi-effect falling film evaporators produced in the past used hydraulic ejectors to condense and evacuate the final-effect secondary steam. Its advantages are simple, compact structure and low cost; its disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of power and is only suitable for rough vacuuming. The multi-stage centrifugal pump it is equipped with requires a high head and flow rate. Therefore, the power consumption and water consumption are even. higher.

6. Dairy filling equipment

Stable, safe and hygienic products are requirements for the quality of dairy products. Therefore, stable operation and clean hygiene have become a new direction for the development of dairy filling equipment. Dairy filling equipment should also comply with the development requirements of the times.

The modern development trends of dairy filling equipment mainly include three aspects:

(1) Efficient, high-speed automated control filling equipment is more favored by enterprises. Efficient, high-speed automated control filling equipment has the characteristics of high intelligence, and filling equipment integrating light, machinery and electricity will become a development trend.

 (2)  Pollution-free and environmentally friendly high-speed aseptic filling equipment has become a new direction of development.

 (3)  The accelerated pace of life and work and the consumer demand for small packaging capacity and instant convenience have promoted the rapid development of small-capacity high-speed filling equipment.